Granular activated carbon (GAC) is a highly porous form of carbon that is used for various applications, primarily in water and air purification. It is produced by heating carbon-rich materials, such as wood, coal, coconut shells, or peat, to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This process, called carbonization or activation, creates a network of pores and a large surface area, which is crucial for its adsorption capabilities. Here are some key characteristics and uses of granular activated carbon: Adsorption: GAC has a large surface area with countless pores and, as a result, it can effectively adsorb a wide range of contaminants, including organic compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, chloramines, and various other impurities. This makes it useful for purifying water and air. Water Purification: GAC is commonly used in water treatment facilities, home water filters, and in industrial processes to remove impurities and improve water quality. It can remove taste, odor, and color from water, as well as contaminants like pesticides, herbicides, and organic chemicals.